Background: Millennium development goal sets a target to achieve the goal of reducing child mortality for all countries. However, a decline in neonatal mortality for developing countries was prolonged. In India reduction in neonatal mortality was led by institutional delivery along with several other factors. As the government of India has implemented various policies to promote institutional delivery.

Methods: The present study analyzes data from the National Family Health Survey, 2015-16 (NFHS-IV). A total of 179752 births (last birth) and 3774 neonatal death were recoded in last 1 Year in North-eastern states of India. Logistic regression is attempted to understand the correlates of Institutional delivery. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors responsible for neonatal death in North-Eastern states of India.

Results: In Sikkim, almost all deliveries took place at institutions whereas Nagaland is having the highest cases of non-institutional delivery. Highest neonatal death prevails in the state of Assam, whereas Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh are having few neonatal death. Institutional delivery has a good positive relation with neonatal death whereas non-institutional delivery is negatively related to neonatal death.

Conclusion: This study indicates the role of different socio-economic factors on institutional delivery as a part of to promote neonatal survival. Found that the influence of institutional delivery is not much on neonatal death. This may be because there are several variables which affect the pattern of neonatal death of an area. But from the study, it is found that delivery at Non-Institution is still higher in some of the states like Nagaland. While Assam is having highest neonatal death because of Tea garden workers.