A One Hundred -Year Study of the Upper Limit of Tree Growth (Terminus Arboreus) in the Swedish Scandes - Updated and Illustrated Change in an Historical Perspective
Leif Kullman1*, Lisa Oberg2
Citation : Leif Kullman, Lisa Oberg, A One Hundred -Year Study of the Upper Limit of Tree Growth (Terminus Arboreus) in the Swedish Scandes - Updated and Illustrated Change in an Historical Perspective International Journal of Research in Geography 2018, 4(3) : 10-35
Positional treeline change since the early 20th century and up to 2017 was assessed along three elevational transects on Mt. Getryggen in the southern Swedish Scandes. Baseline data, representing the year 1915, were compared with later intermittent records up to 2017. Concerned species were Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanowii, Picea abies,Pinus sylvestris and Alnus incana. These speciesresponded with different degrees of continuous upshift and substantial inter-site variability.Betula displayed the largest advance, by 215 m. This maximum magnitude of change compares with data from widely different parts of the Swedish Scandes.This common performance indicates that regionally recorded summer warming by 1.5 °C is the ultimate cause. In a long-term historical perspective, most congenial conditions for birch and pine growth at high elevations prevailed around 10 500 - 9400 cal. YrBP, when the local treelines reached 1355 and 1250 m a.s.l., respectively. The former elevation coincides with the upper limit of Vaccinium myrtillus and the low-alpine belt. With the exception for Pinus, recent treeline upshifts were accomplished predominantly by phenotypic responses of millennial-old krummholz specimens. Only occasionally, has treeline advance by Betula and Picea originated from seed regeneration during the past century. These circumstances may set the limit for further advance where and when the pool of high-altitude oldestablished krummholz specimens becomes depleted as existing krummholz individuals have already transformed to tree mode.